Social Capital (Degree in Diploma in addiction studies-university Essay

Social Capital (Degree in Diploma in addiction studies-university level) - Essay Example Bourdieu came forward with his definition of social capital more than three decades back. Here, it needs to be conceded that his concept had lesser acceptability than his other works in the sphere of sociology. At a later point of time, James Coleman came out with his definition of social capital where, he endeavored to blend both economics and also sociology. As a matter of fact, he termed his elaboration as the rational action theory, which exerted tremendous influence on policy makers as well as sociologists. Putnam emphasized on both the key aspects of civic activity and association, and also the reasons for which they are pivotal for integration of society. (1) Definition of Pierre Bourdieu The explanation of social capital by Bourdieu is based on social hierarchy, and he strongly opined that economic capital is the basis for all forms of capital. He argues that it is but inevitable that social capital leads to inequality, and here it (social capital) is not fully reliant on cul tural and economic capital. He explains that the returns that different persons obtain for the same capital tends to be unequal. Bourdieu adds that the returns are directly linked to the extent to which individuals can utilize various social networks. To support his argument, he uses professionals such as doctors and lawyers as examples. Bourdieu states that the social capital of these professionals is inclusive of their goodwill in the society and the social connections. And they (professionals) make full use of their social capital in bringing about a rise in the number of clients seeking their services. In fact, apart from furthering their present professions, the professionals also stand a strong chance of making it big in the avenue of politics. While focusing on all that, he says that persons depending solely on their academic qualifications and not on any social networks are in a position of disadvantage. They cannot attain the success that is being achieved by the aforesaid professionals, and the key reason for this being inadequate connections. (2) The definition of bourdieu totally opposes the more humane approach towards social capital. For, he emphasizes just on the way in which some select persons and groups are in a position to craftily utilize their networks, for furthering their own interests. Bourdieu does not see social capital as something that can benefit all members of a society. Here, it would be ironical to be noting that, this particular definition of social capital is in stark contrast to the values of democracy that Bourdieu endorsed in his political and journalistic activities. (3) Overall, he views social capital as a concept that just enables the already strong in maintaining their strength. Bourdieu’s analysis (of social capital) almost considers coordinated and collective actions as being irrelevant. His interpretation of social capital emphasizes that there is no way in which the less-fortunate people of the society can u se it (social capital) to bring about an improvement in their circumstances. (3) Definition by James Coleman The definition of social capital given by James Coleman, a famous sociologist of the US, gained much more recognition than the one of Bourdieu. Backed by extensive studies that he carried out in the ghettos of USA, Coleman pointed out that social capital is not confined to just the elite sections of

Bussiness plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Bussiness plan - Essay Example Diamond B will receive start-up funding from a Colorado lending institution, namely a commercial bank, requesting a loan for $50,000 to cover start-up and miscellaneous expenses. The following represents the start-up needs for Diamond B: Diamond B will operate inside of lower-cost strip mall space, in a centralized location, with over 1,200 square feet of retail space. This was chosen to avoid the high start-up costs of building new constructions so that more money could be devoted to product variety. This will give Diamond B more flexibility by being in the strip mall and allow the company to expand without concern over the expenses of real estate agents. Diamond B can simply work on a contracted lease that allows for easy exit if the business ever decides to move or expand. On the start-up chart, frozen foods represent the different ice cream bars, sandwich cookies, and fresh frozen pizzas that will be available to customers. Refrigerated items include a variety of sodas, energy drinks, and other dairy products such as milk and cheese that customers of all varieties will require. Non-perishable foods include magazines, cigarette lighters, and other basic convenience products found commonly in this type of store model. Promotions are a high expense on the start-up list as it is necessary for Diamond B to set up a strong brand immediately after launch. The company will use the logo strongly in its promotional materials so that customers have awareness of Diamond B and can recognize it on sight. The Diamond logo will be trademarked for intellectual property reasons and for building a better competitive image. These materials include in-store displays, posters, direct mailing literature sent to random customer households, and other needed advertisements for pre- and post-launch of Diamond B. Computer systems on the start-up list include the different credit card machines that will be needed to perform basic transactions, along with inventory monitoring